‘SchrĂśdinger’s equation’
In quantum mechanics, the SchrÜdinger equation is a partial differential equation that describes how the quantum state of a quantum system changes with time. It was formulated in late 1925, and published in 1926, by the Austrian physicist Erwin SchrÜdinger.
In classical mechanics Newton’s second law, (F = ma), is used to mathematically predict what a given system will do at any time after a known initial condition. In quantum mechanics, the analogue of Newton’s law is SchrĂśdinger’s equation for a quantum system (usually atoms, molecules, and subatomic particles whether free, bound, or localized). It is not a simple algebraic equation, but in general a linearpartial differential equation, describing the time-evolution of the system’s wave function (also called a “state function”).
The concept of a wavefunction is a fundamental postulate of quantum mechanics. Although SchrĂśdinger’s equation is often presented as a separate postulate, some authors show that some properties resulting from SchrĂśdinger’s equation may be deduced just from symmetry principles alone, for example the commutation relations. Generally, âderivationsâ of the SchrĂśdinger equation demonstrate its mathematical plausibility for describing wave-particle duality, but to date there are no universally accepted derivations of SchrĂśdinger’s equation from appropriate axioms.
In the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics, the wave function is the most complete description that can be given of a physical system. Solutions to SchrĂśdinger’s equation describe not only molecular, atomic, and subatomic systems, but also macroscopic systems, possibly even the whole universe. The SchrĂśdinger equation, in its most general form, is consistent with both classical mechanics and special relativity, but the original formulation by SchrĂśdinger himself was non-relativistic.
The SchrĂśdinger equation is not the only way to make predictions in quantum mechanicsâother formulations can be used, such as Werner Heisenberg‘s matrix mechanics, and Richard Feynman‘s path integral formulation.
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